Selbstkonzeptförderung im Sportunterricht: Eine psychologische Betrachtung einer pädagogischen Zielperspektive

Zusammenfassung: In schulsportbezogenen Interventionsstudien, welche eine Überprüfung der Sozialisationshypothese zum Ziel hatten, wurde bis anhin versucht, das Selbstkonzept der Schülerinnen und Schüler zu erhöhen, was mit Blick auf die Funktionalität fragwürdig erscheint. Denn sowohl aus pädagogischer als auch aus psychologischer Perspektive ist zu fragen, ob nicht eher eine möglichst realitätsangemessene Ausprägung des Selbstkonzepts anzustreben ist. So dürfte eine Unterschätzung leistungsbezogenes Verhalten hemmen und eine Überschätzung kann insbesondere in sozialen Interaktionen dysfunktional sein. Ausgehend von diesem Widerspruch wird im folgenden Beitrag die Frage behandelt, welche Selbstkonzeptausprägungen aus einer psychologischen Perspektive durch den Sportunterricht gefördert werden sollen. Dabei entsteht eine neue Zielperspektive für zukünftige selbstkonzeptfördernde Interventionen im Sportunterrich

The role of microglia in diabetic retinopathy : inflammation, microvasculature defects and neurodegeneration

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which appears in one third of all diabetic patients and is a prominent cause of vision loss. First discovered as a microvascular disease, intensive research in the field identified inflammation and neurodegeneration to be part of diabetic retinopathy. Microglia, the resident monocytes of the retina, are activated due to a complex interplay between the different cell types of the retina and diverse pathological pathways. The trigger for developing diabetic retinopathy is diabetes-induced hyperglycemia, accompanied by leukostasis and vascular leakages. Transcriptional changes in activated microglia, mediated via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, results in release of various pro inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, caspases and glutamate. Activated microglia additionally increased proliferation and migration. Among other consequences, these changes in microglia severely affected retinal neurons, causing increased apoptosis and subsequent thinning of the nerve fiber layer, resulting in visual loss. New potential therapeutics need to interfere with these diabetic complications even before changes in the retina are diagnosed, to prevent neuronal apoptosis and blindness in patients

Analysis, Modeling and Dynamic Optimization of 3D Time-of-Flight Imaging Systems

The present thesis is concerned with the optimization of 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging systems. These novel cameras determine range images by actively illuminating a scene and measuring the time until the backscattered light is detected. Depth maps are constructed from multiple raw images. Usually two of such raw images are acquired simultaneously using special correlating sensors. This thesis covers four main contributions: A physical sensor model is presented which enables the analysis and optimization of the process of raw image acquisition. This model supports the proposal of a new ToF sensor design which employs a logarithmic photo response. Due to asymmetries of the two read-out paths current systems need to acquire the raw images in multiple instances. This allows the correction of systematic errors. The present thesis proposes a method for dynamic calibration and compensation of these asymmetries. It facilitates the computation of two depth maps from a single set of raw images and thus increases the frame rate by a factor of two. Since not all required raw images are captured simultaneously motion artifacts can occur. The present thesis proposes a robust method for detection and correction of such artifacts. All proposed algorithms have a computational complexity which allowsreal-time execution even on systems with limited resources (e.g. embeddedsystems). The algorithms are demonstrated by use of a commercial ToF camera

Optische Methoden zur Form- und Positionserkennung von Körpern in Werkzeugmaschinen

Diese Arbeit untersucht optische Methoden zur Erzeugung von Tiefenbildern. Aufgrund des speziellen Einsatzgebietes im Arbeitsraum von Werkzeugmaschinen, wurde ausgehend vom Prinzip der stereoskopischen Tiefendatengewinnung ein Verfahren entwickelt, welches die schnelle Erzeugung von Tiefenbildern bei minimalem Platzbedarf des Messkopfes ermöglicht. Durch die Wahl einer sehr kleinen stereoskopischen Basis lässt sich das Auftreten des Korrespondenzproblems verhindern, und dadurch die Tiefeninformation in einer zu der Anzahl der Pixel linearen Zeit rekonstruieren. Das dem Verfahren zugrunde liegende mathematische Modell wird ausführlich diskutiert, mit dem Ergebnis, Anforderungen an die verwendete Kamera, die Lichtquelle und den Messaufbau formulieren zu können. In Experimenten wurden anhand der Vermessung von Testobjekten diese Vorhersagen bestätigt. Die Arbeit schließt mit einer ausführlichen Diskussion der Resultate.This thesis investigates optical methods for depth image acquisition. Due to the special application feld in the working space of tooling machines, a method for acquiring depth images with very low spatial requirements was developed, based on the principle of stereoscopic depth image acquisition. By choosing a very small stereoscopical basis, the occurrence of the correspondence problem can be avoided, and therefore the depth information can be computed in to the number of pixels linear time. The underlying mathematical model is discussed in detail, enabling the formulation of requirements on the camera, the light source and the mechanical setup. Experimental measurements on test-objects were used to approve these predictions. The thesis closes with a detailed discussion of the results

EGFL7 meets miRNA-126: an angiogenesis alliance

Blood vessels form de novo through the tightly regulated programs of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Both processes are distinct but one of the steps they share is the formation of a central lumen, when groups of cells organized as vascular cords undergo complex changes to achieve a tube-like morphology. Recently, a protein termed epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) was described as a novel endothelial cell-derived factor involved in the regulation of the spatial arrangement of cells during vascular tube assembly. With its impact on tubulogenesis and vessel shape EGFL7 joined the large family of molecules governing blood vessel formation. Only recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying EGFL7's effects have been started to be elucidated and shaping of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as Notch signaling might very well play a role in mediating its biological effects. Further, findings in knock-out animal models suggest miR-126, a miRNA located within the egfl7 gene, has a major role in vessel development by promoting VEGF signaling, angiogenesis and vascular integrity. This review summarizes our current knowledge on EGFL7 and miR-126 and we will discuss the implications of both bioactive molecules for the formation of blood vessels

Feldenkrais to Improve Interoceptive Processes and Psychological Well-being in Female Adolescent Ballet Dancers: A Feasibility Study

The Feldenkrais Method® (FM) is a form of somatic education aiming to increase brain-body communication, reportedly via interoceptive mechanisms. Although empirically proven to improve perceived interoceptive ability and psychological well-being in adults, feasibility in adolescents remains unclear. We therefore used a combined randomized control-group pretest-posttest design with qualitative interviews to explore the feasibility of an eight-week FM intervention to enhance interoceptive processes and psychological well-being in a population of adolescent female recreational ballet dancers. Participants’ (N = 12, Mage = 14.25 ± 1.29) interoceptive accuracy, perceived interoceptive ability, and psychological well-being were measured pre- and post-intervention, followed by individual interviews. Interview responses demonstrated high enjoyment, increased perceived embodied criticality, and reduced social comparison, supported by a significant increase in self-reported attention regulation (p = .042) in the intervention group. These preliminary findings support the feasibility of FM in this population and thus warrant further research using well-powered randomized controlled trials

Acute exercise and children's cognitive functioning: What is the optimal dose of cognitive challenge?

Acute bouts of exercise have the potential to benefit children's cognition. Inconsistent evidence on the role of qualitative exercise task characteristics calls for further investigation of the cognitive challenge level in exercise. Thus, the study aim was to investigate which "dose" of cognitive challenge in acute exercise benefits children's cognition, also exploring the moderating role of individual characteristics. In a within-subject experimental design, 103 children (Mage = 11.1, SD = 0.9, 48% female) participated weekly in one of three 15-min exergames followed by an Attention Network task. Exergame sessions were designed to keep physical intensity constant (65% HRmax) and to have different cognitive challenge levels (low, mid, high; adapted to the ongoing individual performance). ANOVAs performed on variables that reflect the individual functioning of attention networks revealed a significant effect of cognitive challenge on executive control efficiency (reaction time performances; p = .014, ƞ2p = .08), with better performances after the high-challenge condition compared to lower ones (ps  .05). ANOVAs performed on variables that reflect the interactive functioning of attention networks revealed that biological sex moderated cognitive challenge effects. For males only, the cognitive challenge level influenced the interactive functioning of executive control and orienting networks (p = .004; ƞ2p = .07). Results suggest that an individualized and adaptive cognitively high-challenging bout of exercise is more beneficial to children's executive control than less challenging ones. For males, the cognitive challenge in an acute bout seems beneficial to maintain executive control efficiency also when spatial attention resources cannot be validly allocated in advance. Results are interpreted referring to the cognitive stimulation hypothesis and arousal theory

COVID-19: Physical Activity and Quality of Life in a Sample of Swiss School Children during and after the First Stay-at-Home.

COVID-19 restrictions and the instructions to stay at home (SaH) may have had an impact on child behavior including physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Switzerland. Therefore, we investigated PA and HRQoL during and after the SaH in 57 Swiss school children aged 7 to 12 years (M = 10.44; SD = 1.34). PA was measured using accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X) and HRQoL using the Kid-KINDLR questionnaire. During and post data was compared using paired sample t-tests. Independent t-tests were used to compare the HRQoL of physically active children with non-physically active children. PA in light (d = -0.56), moderate (d = -0.44), moderate-to-vigorous (d = -0.28) as well as overall HRQoL (d = -0.66), psychological well-being (d = -0.48), self-esteem (d = -0.39), friends (d = -0.70) and everyday functioning (d = -0.44), were significantly lower during SaH than afterwards. Children who adhered to PA recommendations (+60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA) during SaH had a better overall HRQoL (d = 0.61) and psychological well-being (d = 0.56) than those who did not. Since PA levels and HRQoL were lower during SaH compared to afterwards, it seems that the restrictions negatively impacted children's PA and HRQoL. During future SaHs, promoting children's PA and HRQoL seems important